In the modern workplace, intelligence is no longer viewed as a one-dimensional concept measured solely by IQ tests.
Recognising the limitations of this traditional approach, Howard Gardner introduced his groundbreaking theory of Multiple Intelligences in 1983. According to Gardner, intelligence is not a single, fixed quality, but rather a diverse range of talents and abilities that individuals possess. By understanding and leveraging these different intelligences, employers can create a more inclusive and effective work environment.
Why understanding multiple intelligences is important in the workplace
In a dynamic and diverse workplace, recognising and understanding the various intelligences of employees is essential. This understanding enables employers to allocate resources effectively, tailor training programs, and build teams that complement each other’s strengths. By moving away from a one-size-fits-all approach, organisations can foster better recruitment, empathic management, and team collaboration.
The nine types of intelligence
Gardner’s theory identifies nine distinct intelligences that manifest differently in individuals. Each intelligence represents a unique set of skills and talents. Understanding these intelligences allows employers to tap into the full potential of their workforce.
1. Linguistic Intelligence
Linguistic intelligence refers to an individual’s ability to think in words and effectively use language to express complex ideas. Those with high linguistic intelligence excel in written and spoken communication, making them valuable assets in roles such as writers, poets, and public speakers.
2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Logical-mathematical intelligence involves logical reasoning and problem-solving, particularly in scientific and mathematical contexts. Individuals with high logical-mathematical intelligence thrive in roles such as engineers, mathematicians, programmers, and scientists.
3. Musical Intelligence
Musical intelligence is characterised by a strong appreciation for rhythm, composition, and sound. Individuals with musical intelligence excel in roles such as musicians, composers, and sound engineers.
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence refers to the ability to use one’s body to solve problems or create products. Those with high bodily-kinesthetic intelligence often excel in roles such as athletes, dancers, and craftspeople.
5. Spatial Intelligence
Spatial (or visual) intelligence pertains to the ability to visualise the world accurately and manipulate perceptions. Architects, artists, and pilots frequently exhibit strong spatial intelligence.
6. Interpersonal Intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence involves understanding other people’s motivations, emotions, and intentions. Individuals with high interpersonal intelligence excel in roles such as teachers, therapists, and salespeople.
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal intelligence is about understanding oneself – knowing one’s emotions, motivations, and thoughts. Those with high intrapersonal intelligence often pursue careers as philosophers, psychologists, and spiritual leaders.
8. Naturalistic Intelligence
Naturalistic intelligence relates to the ability to understand, appreciate, and thrive in the natural world. Individuals with high naturalistic intelligence often work in roles such as ecologists, farmers, and gardeners.
9. Existential Intelligence
Existential (or spiritual) intelligence was not included in Gardner’s original work but is now viewed as a viable aptitude that can be quantified and studied. This intelligence can be recognised by a sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life, why we die, and how we get here.
Download 9 Intelligences & Career Possibilities Summary
Applying multiple intelligences in the workplace
Understanding Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences provides organisations with valuable insights to enhance workplace effectiveness. By applying this theory, organisations can:
1. Incorporate into job descriptions and interviews
By emphasising specific intelligence in job descriptions and interviews, employers can attract candidates whose natural talents align with the requirements of the role. For example, a managerial role in a PR department may require individuals with high interpersonal and linguistic skills. By incorporating these specific requirements, employers can ensure a better fit between candidates and the role.
2. Tailor training and development programs
Customising training programs to suit different learning styles and intelligences is key to maximising learning transfer. For example, a sales training program could include elements that cater to linguistic, interpersonal, and logical-mathematical intelligences. By tailoring training around the different intelligences, organisations can better engage employees and enhance their learning experience.
3. Create diverse teams
Building teams that consist of individuals with different intelligences fosters creativity, problem-solving, and innovation. Each team member brings a unique perspective and skill set to the table, allowing for more comprehensive and effective solutions. For example, creating a project team for a social media marketing campaign might involve individuals with linguistic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal abilities to generate creative content that resonates with the target audience.
4. Provide varied learning opportunities
Offering a range of learning opportunities accommodates the different intelligences and ensures continuous development for employees. By providing a mix of hands-on workshops, analytical problem-solving tasks, and other activities, organisations can address underdeveloped skills and help employees reach their full potential. For example, an executive with naturalistic intelligence working at a sustainability consultancy might benefit from developing their interpersonal intelligence to effectively communicate the company’s mission.
5. Design inclusive work environments
Creating work environments that cater to various intelligences promotes inclusivity and supports different ways of thinking. By offering activities such as choirs, yoga, or providing free gyms, organisations can accommodate individuals with musical or bodily-kinesthetic intelligence while also developing secondary abilities in other employees. Diverse intelligence within teams encourages “thinking outside the box” and fosters innovative solutions.
Multiple Intelligences Theory provides a richer and more nuanced view of human potential in the workplace. By understanding and leveraging the different intelligences of individuals, organisations can create a more inclusive and effective work environment. This approach leads to better recruitment, empathic management, and team collaboration.
